Quran/18/Rijiyar Lemo Tafsir

Mabuɗin Sura <> Introduction to the chapter:

1. Sunanta: Ana kiran ta Suratul Kahf domin a cikinta ne labarin Ashabul Kahfi ya zo, wato labarin mutanen Kogo. Duk ilahirin Alƙur'ani babu inda aka ba da labarinsu sai a wannan Sura kaɗai, shi ne dalilin da ya sa ta ci sunansu.
   Its name: This chapter's called the chapter of the cave as it narrates the story of the companions or people of the cave.
   
   Kiran wannan Sura da wannan sunan ya zo a cikin ingantattun hadisai na Annabiﷺ, kuma shi ne abin da ke rubuce cikin mushafai.
   This is backed by strong hadiths of the Prophetﷺ.
2. Sanda aka saukar da ita: Ibnu Aɗiyya ya kawo cewa, malaman Tafsiri sun haɗu a kan cewa wannan Sura ce Makkiyya. Abu Abdullahi Al-Ƙurɗubi ya goyi bayansa a kan haka. Amma wasu malamai sun togace aya ta (1) zuwa ta (8) sun ce a Madina aka saukar da su. Wasu kuma suka togace aya ta (28). To amma ingantacciyar magana ita ce, wannan sura daga farkonta har ƙarshenta Makkiyya ce.
3. Jerin saukarta: Wannan sura ita ce ta sittin da takwas (68) a jerin saukar surorin Alƙur'ani. Ta sauka bayan suratul Gashiya kafin saukar suratus-Shura.
4. Adadin ayoyinta: A lissafin mutanen Makka da Madina ayoyinta ɗari da biyar ne (105). A lissafin mutanen Sham kuwa, ayoyinta ɗari da shida ne (106). Su kuma mutanen Basra a lissafinsu ɗari da goma sha ɗaya ne (111). Mutanen Kufa kuwa a wurinsu ayoyinta ɗari da goma ne daidai (110). Watau dai an samu saɓani wajen tantance farkon wasu ayoyin da ƙarshensu, wasu sai su lissafa aya biyu a matsayin ɗaya, wasu kuma su lissafa aya ɗaya a matsayin biyu.
5. Sababin saukarta: Imam Ibnu Jarir ya ruwaito da isnadinsa (typo?) daga Abdullahi ɗan Abbas cewa: "Yayin da Larabawan Ƙuraishawa suka ga irin yadda Annabiﷺ yake matsa musu da kira zuwa ga imani da Allah, da jan hankalinsu a kan su bi Alƙur'ani, sai suka tura wakilansu Madina wurin Yahudawa domin su yi musu tambaya a kan Annabiﷺ don su ba su wani bayani wanda za su ƙure Annabiﷺ da shi, domin su ma Yahudawa an saukar musu da littafi suna da ilimi. Da suka je sai Yahudawa suka ce musu su koma su yi wa Annabiﷺ tambayoyi uku; idan ya ba su amsarsu daidai, to tabbas shi Annabi ne sai su bi shi; idan kuwa ya kasa ba da amsarsu, to shi ba annabin gaskiya ba ne, daga nan sai su yanke shawarar abin da ya kamata su yi masa. Suka umarce su da su tambaye shi ƙissar Ashabul Kahafi, da ta Zulƙarnaini, da kuma sha'anin Ruhi, watau rai da yake jikin ɗan'adam.
   
   Waɗannan wakilai suka dawo Makka suka kuma yi wa Annabiﷺ waɗannan tambayoyi, sai ya nemi cewa, su dawo gobe zai ba su amsa. Sai ya manta bai ce inshaAllahu ba, saboda haka sai aka samu jinkirin saukar wahayi na kimanin kwana goma sha biyar (15 day delay in revelation). Wannan kuwa ya sa Annabiﷺ ya shiga matuƙar damuwa, kuma aka yi ta yayata maganganu a cikin garin Makka cewa, aljanin da yake kawo wa Annabiﷺ labarai shi ma ya watsar da shi. Daga baya sai Allah ya saukar cewa, kada ya sake cewa zai yi wani abu gobe ba tare da ya haɗa da inshaAllahu ba."
   
   Wannan ruwaya mai rauni ce, a cikin sanadinta akwai mai ruwayan da ba a bayyana kowane ne shi ba. Amma duk da haka wasu malaman sukan ambaci wannan ƙissar.

6. Falalar suratul Kahafi:

Hadisai ingantattu sun tabbata daga Annabiﷺ game da falalar karanta Suratul Kahafi: An karb'o daga Albara'u ɗan Azib(AS) ya ce:

"Wani mutum yana karanta Suratul Kahafi a cikin gidansa, a lokacin kuwa dokinsa yana d'aure, sai ya rik'a zabura yana firgita. Da ya fito domin ya ga abin da yake faruwa, sai ya ga wani girgije ne ya yiwo k'asa-k'asa ya lullube nahiyar gidansa. Washe-gari ya je ya fad'a wa Annabiﷺ abin da ya faru, sai Annabiﷺ ya ce: "Ka ci gaba da karatunka wane, domin wannan natsuwa ce take sauka domin karatun Alk'ur'ani." [ Bukhari #3614 da Muslim #795 ]

A man recited Surat-al-Kahf (in his prayer) and in the house there was a (riding) animal which got frightened and started jumping. The man finished his prayer with Taslim, but behold! A mist or a cloud hovered over him. He informed the Prophet (ﷺ) of that and the Prophet (ﷺ) said, "O so-and-so! Recite, for this (mist or cloud) was a sign of peace descending for the recitation of Qur'an."

Wannan mutun shi ne Usaidu ɗan Hudhair, kamar yadda ya zo a wasu ruwayoyi.

An karɓo daga Abud-Darda'i ya ce: Annabiﷺ yana cewa:

"Duk wanda ya haddace ayoyi goma na farkon Suratul Kahafi to za a tsare shi daga fitinar Dujal." 
 If anyone learns by heart the first ten verses of the Surah al-Kahf, he will be protected from the Dajjal. --[ Muslim #809 ] / Quran/18/Rijiyar_Lemo_Tafsir

A wani lafazin kuma: "Ayoyi goma na ƙarshe na Suratul Kahafi" amma lafazin farko shi ne ya inganta. [Duba Ibnul Ƙayyim, Jala'ul Afham, shafi na 325].

Watau idan Dujal ya bayyana to shi mutumen (misspelling of mutumin) zau samu kariya a dalilin waɗannan ayoyi guda goma da ya haddace.

7. Daga Cikin Abubuwan Da Ta Kunsa:

Wannan Sura ta sauka a Makka daidai lokacin da ake nuna wa Annabi (ﷺ) da sahabbansa tsananin kiyayya da gaba, har wasu daga cikinsu suka yi gudun hijira zuwa Habasha. Ana cikin irin wannan yanayi wannan Surar ta sauka, domin ta karantar da Annabi (ﷺ) da sahabbansa cewa, su yi hakuri, haka sha'anin addini ya gada. Allah Ta'ala kuma ya halicci rayuwa ne gaba daya don ya jarraba dan adam ya ga wane ne zai tsaya ya kyautata aikinsa.

Surar dai ta zo da misalai na wasu abubuwa kishiyoyin juna. Ta yi bayanin alhairi, ta kuma yi bayanin sharri; ta yi bayanin imani, kuma ta yi bayanin kafirci; ta yi bayanin adalci, ta kuma yi bayanin zalunci; haka kuma ta yi bayanin waɗanda suka yi imani, Allah kuma ya kara musu shiriya, da kuma waɗanda suka kafirce wa Allah. Wannan duka don ta dora mutum a kan tarbiyyar da za ta sanya shi ya ci jarrabawar da Allah ya shirya masa.