bbc/socialmedia after death

#	English: https://en.vijesti.me/BBC/689939/what-happens-to-our-accounts-when-we-die-and-what-virtual-memory-looks-like (inoreader)	Hausa: https://www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/c902exnd9x0o
1	What happens to our accounts when we die and what virtual memory looks like <> Me zai faru da shafukan sada zumuntarmu idan mun mutu?
2	When someone close to them leaves them, people miss conversations, hugs and looks, and with the development of social networks, that physical emptiness spilled over into the virtual world as well.	Lokacin da wani makusancinsu ya rasu, mutane kan yi kewar tattaunawa, da shaƙuwa da runguma da kuma ganin da suke wa juna, amma yayin da aka samu bunƙasar shafukan sada zumunta, wannan kewa da ake fuskanta bayan mutuwar makusanci ta faɗaɗa zuwa shafukan sada zumunta.
3	Accounts of loved ones disappear with them or remain as digital reminders of their life, and the decision about the future on the networks often falls on the closest ones.	Shafukan waɗanda suka mutu kan ɓace bayan mutuwarsu, ko kuma su ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin tunatarwa game da rayuwarsu, to sai dai ɗaukar mataki game da makomar shafukan na hannun makusanta mamatan.
4	"I was thinking about what to do with my mother's order after her death, we were mostly in favor of a memorial order, but even today, almost four years later, we have not implemented it,"	"Ina tunanin dangane da wasiyyar mahaifiyata bayan mutuwarta, mafi yawanmu mun kasance masu son tunawa da rayuwarta, don haka har yanzu kusan shekara huɗu bayan mutuwarta, mun kasa aiwatar da wasiyarta na rufe shafinta bayan ta mutu,''
5	Katarina Milošević, a tourism expert from Belgrade, told the BBC in Serbian.	kamar yadda Katarina Milošević, wata ƙwararriyar kan harkokin yawon buɗe ido daga Belgrade ta shaida wa BBC.
6	There are also those who believe that a memorial account is not an ideal solution, but that they would like their profiles on social networks to be closed after death, and one of them is Jelena Šain, who has been using Facebook since 2008.	Akwai kuma masu ra'ayin cewa barin shafukan waɗanda suka mutu don tunawa da su ba shi ne mafita ba, don haka suna da ra'ayin a rufe shafukansu bayan mutuwarsu, ɗaya daga cikin masu irin wannan ra'ayi ita ce Jelena Šain, wadda ke amfani da shafin Facebook tun 2008.
7	"Neither would I manage someone's account posthumously, nor would I like someone to do that in memory of me.	"Ba zan yi amfani da shafin wani bayan mutuwarsa ba, haka kuma ni ma ba zan so wani ya yi hakan don tunawa da ni ba."	<small> --[[bbc/socialmedia after death]]</small>
8	"It is not ethical to have insight into other people's private conversations, and it is not pleasant when you know that among your friends on the networks you have deceased people," this architect from Pancevo told the BBC in Serbian.	"Ba daidai ba ne wani ya ga hirarrakin da wani ya yi ba saboda kiyaye sirrinsa, kuma ba za ka ji daɗi ba idan ka fahimci cewa a cikin abokanka na shafukan sada zumunta har da matattu" in ji wani masanin zane-zane daga Pancevo.	<small> --[[bbc/socialmedia after death]]</small>
9	Close to five billion people worldwide used social networks during the third quarter of 2023, which makes up 61,4 percent of the population on the planet, according to the site's data data report.	Shafin Data Report ya ce kusan mutum biliyan biyar ne a faɗin duniya ke amfani da shafukan sada zumunta a rubu'i na uku na shekarar 2023, kusan kashi 61.4 cikin 100 na al'ummar duniya.	<small> --[[bbc/socialmedia after death]]</small>
10	As many as nine out of 10 Internet users use social platforms, it added.	Shafin ya ƙara da cewa kusan dukkanin masu amfani da intanet suna amfani da shafukan sada zumunta.	<small> --[[bbc/socialmedia after death]]</small>
11	It is expected that at the beginning of the next century, the number of deceased will exceed the number of active users, and this would happen even earlier if Facebook did not get new users, the magazine says. Time, which refers to Oxford University research.	Wani bincike da aka danganta da jami'ar Oxford da aka wallafa a mujallar Time, ya nuna cewa a farkon ƙarnin da ke tafe, adadin masu amfani da shafukan waɗanda suka mutu zai zarta masu amfani da shafukan, kuma hakan zai faru ne kawai idan shafin Facebook bai ƙara samun masu amfani da shi ba.	<small> --[[bbc/socialmedia after death]]</small>
12	Facebook is the most popular social network with 3,03 billion users, slightly fewer people use YouTube (2,49 billion), Vocap and Instagram (two billion each), followed by WeChat (1,33 billion) and TikTok (1,22 billion). , according to data from the statistical company The report of Statista.	Wasu alƙaluma daga kamfanin 'An extra' mai lura da masu amfani da shafukan sada zumunta ya ce Facebook ne shafin sada zumunta mafi shahara, inda shafin ke da masu amfani da shi biliyan 3.03, sai kuma shafin Youtube ke bi masa wanda ke da masu amfani da shi biliyan 2.49, shafukan Vocap da Instagram kuwa kowannesu na da mutum biliyan biyu da ke amfani da shi, daga nan sai shafin WeChat mai mutum biliyan 1.33, sai Tiktok mai biliyan 1.22	<small> --[[bbc/socialmedia after death]]</small>
13	The Facebook and Instagram platforms allow the deceased user's profile to be turned into a memorial account (memorialized account), to remain active or to shut down completely, it is stated on site Meta, the platform's owner.	Shafukan Facebook da na Instagram na bayar da dama a mayar da shafin wanda ya mutu zuwa shafin da zai riƙa tunatar da mutane mamaci, don haka zai iya ci gaba da kasancewa ko kuma a rufe shi in ana buƙata.	<small> --[[bbc/socialmedia after death]]</small>
14	X (formerly Twitter) does not offer the option to save the profile in memory of the deceased and it is only possible to deactivate the account in case of death or inability of the owner to use it, it was explained on the website of this technology company. [1]	Shi kuwa shafin X da a baya aka fi sani da Twitter, ba ya bayar da damar ci gaba da ajiye shafin wani a matsayin na tunarwar, don haka za a iya goge shafi idan mai amfani da shi ya mutu ko ba ya buƙatar ci gaba da amfani da shi.	<small> --[[bbc/socialmedia after death]]</small>
15	Accounts of deceased users can be the target of abuse, warns Saša Živanović, former head of the High-Tech Crime Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Serbia.	Ana amfani da shafukan waɗanda suka mutu ba ta yadda ya dace ba kamar yadda Saša Živanović, tsohuwar shugabar sashen kula da masu aikata laifukan intanet a ma'aikatar cikin gida ta Sabiya ta bayyana.	<small> --[[bbc/socialmedia after death]]</small>
16	"Photos, data and videos can be used to create a fake account under a different name, to extort money from acquaintances and friends who do not know that the person has passed away, or to appropriate confidential data and correspondence," Živanović cited some examples in an interview with the BBC in Serbian .	"Akan yi amfani da hotuna da bayanai da bidiyoyi domin ƙirƙirar shafukan ƙarya da sunaye daban-daban, domin samun kuɗi daga abokai da masoyan mutumin, waɗanda ba su da labarin mutuwarsa,'' in ji Živanović.	<small> --[[bbc/socialmedia after death]]</small>
17	What is a memorial order? <> Me ake nufi da shafin tunawa da mamaci?		<small> --[[bbc/socialmedia after death]]</small>
	When Milosevic tried to turn the deceased mother's profile into a memorial order, she ran into an obstacle. "Facebook asked me to send a death certificate, but I wasn't ready. "Whenever I started doing it, I couldn't push through, because my heart tightened," says the 31-year-old. "It will soon be four years since she has been gone, and the account is still active," he adds. When Facebook is provided with proof that someone has died, the account automatically becomes a memorial profile, unless it has previously decided otherwise, according to company website. The contents of the mention profile remain visible, but the account is no longer recommended to potential virtual friends (People You May Know), and those from the friends list will not be informed about the user's birthday. Next to the user's name, the message "memory" appears in that case, and no one will be able to log in to that account and manage it, unless the original owner specified a contact for inheritance (legacy contact). A contact is another user, usually a family member or friend, who will be able to change cover photos, publish the last post from that account, or request that the profile be deactivated. It also allows him to access data and correspondence, delete existing or add new friends on this network.	A lokacin da Milosevic ta yi ƙoarin mayar da shafin mahaifiyarta zuwa shafin tunawa da ita ta fuskanci matsala. "Facebook ya buƙaci da ta aika masa da takardar shaidar mutuwa, amma ba ni da ita a lokacin, a duk lokacin da na fara yin sa, ba na iya wuce wurin saboda dole sai na cike wajen kafin ci gaba,'' in ji matashiyar mai shekara 31. "Yanzu an kusa shekara huɗu tun da ta rasu, kuma har yanzu shafin na nan,'' in ji ta. Shafin Facebook ya ce a duk lokacin da aka tabbatar masa da mutuwar wani mai amfani da shafin, to nan take zai mayar da shi shafin tunawa da mamaci, har sai idan daga baya an nuna rashin buƙatar hakan. Abubuwan da aka wallafa a shafin za su ci gaba da kasancewa a shafin kuma za a iya ganinsu, to sai dai shafin ba zai riƙa bayyana bangaren tayin sabbin abokai ba, (People You May Know), kuma ba za a riƙa sanar da abokansa game da zagayowar ranar haihuwarsa ba. A kusa da sunan mai shafin rubutun ‘memory’, wato ‘tunawa’ zai bayyana, kuma babu wanda zai iya shiga shafin domin mayar da shi shafin tunawa da mamaci, sai idan ainhinin mai shafin ya taɓa bayyana sunan wanda zai gaji shafin nasa, (legacy contact). 'Legacy contact', wani mai amfani da shafin ne, wanda yawanci ɗan’uwa ko aboki ne ga mamaci, wanda zai iya sauya hoton bayan shafin wato 'cover photos', sannan kuma zai iya wallafa saƙon karshe a shafin, ko ya buƙaci a dakatar da shafin. Haka kuma za a ba shi damar samun bayanai, ko ya goge ko kuma ya ƙara abokai.
	N/A	Shin matasa za su iya ɗauke kansu daga shafukan sada zumunta?
	The fate of our social media accounts may vary depending on the technology platform we use. There are various approaches, but companies put the privacy of the deceased first - they will not share details and you will be able to access some data, such as photos and videos, only through special requests, sometimes court orders. More recent social platforms, such as TikTok and Snapchat, do not have any rules regarding the accounts of deceased users. Accounts will exist and be active until a family member notifies the company of the user's death and wishes to terminate the profile. Facebook and Instagram carry out the process of "memorialization". You can delete the pages created by the deceased, possibly the data of those pages, if you prove that you are a close relative. Google, the owner of YouTube and G-mail, will implement a similar procedure, unless the user changes the settings called "inactive account". These settings give you the ability to decide what happens to your Google accounts and data provided you are inactive for a certain period of time. You can also choose someone to take care of these accounts and leave them a farewell letter that they will read when you die.	Makomar shafukan sada zumunta sun bambanta dangane da fasahohin da muke amfani da su. Hanyoyin samun bayanan mamaci sun bambanta, kuma kamfanonin fasahar suna bai wa sirrin mamaci muhimmaci - ba za aika cikakkun bayananai, ko wasu bayanansa ba, kamar hotuna da bidiyo, za a iya samunsu ne kawai ta hanyar aika buƙata ta musamman, a wasu lokuta ba ta hanyar umarnin kotu. Sai dai shafukan sada zumunta na baya-bayan nan kamar TikTok da Snapchart, ba su da wasu dokoki kan shafukan waɗanda suka mutu. Shafukan za su ci gaba da kasancewa har sai wani ɗan'uwansa na sanar da kamfanin game da rasuwar mai shafin, sannan ya buƙaci a dakatar da shafin. Amma shafukan Facebook da Instagram na mayar da shafukan na tuna wa da mamatan wato "memorialization". Za ku iya goge shafukan waɗanda suka mutu, da bayanansu a shafukan, idan kuka tabbatar da cewa ku makusantansu ne. Kamfanin Google, mai shafin YouTube da G-mail, zai aiwatar da irin wannan hanya, sai dai idan mai amfani da shafin ya canza saitin da ake kira "inactive account" Waɗannan saitunan suna za su ba ku damar ɗaukar mataki kan abin da zai faru da shafinku na Google da bayananku muddin ba ku yi amfani da shafin ba na tsawon wani lokaci. Hakanan za ka iya zaɓar wanda zai kula da waɗannan shafuka kuma ka bar musu wasiyar da za su karanta idan ka mutu.
	Jelena Šain uses Facebook and Instagram to publish photos, share music and correspond with friends, and since using these platforms, she has shared thousands of recordings, photos and data. Although she didn't have to make a decision about what would happen to a loved one's social media accounts, she thought about how she would act in that situation. As she says, she heard about the option of creating a memorial account, but that would not be her choice. "I'm not a supporter of such profiles and I would like one of my friends or family members, with proof of death, to shut down my accounts when I'm gone," says Šain. This would avoid "abuse and inconvenience", because it is not pleasant to see posts from the profile of someone you know has died, explains the architect.	Jelena Šain tana amfani da shafukan Facebook da Instagram don wallafa hotuna, d aike wa da waƙoƙi da bayanai ga abokanta, kuma ta aike da dubban hotuna da waƙoƙi da bayanai ga abokanta tun lokacin da ta fara amfani da waɗannan shafuka. Duk da cewa ba lallai ne ta yanke shawara kan abin da zai faru da shafukan sada zumunta na makusantanta ba, tana tunanin abin da za ta yi a wannan yanayin. Kamar yadda ta ce, ta ji cewa akwai damar ƙirƙirar asusun tunawa da mamaci, amma wannan ba shi ne zaɓinta ba. "Ni ba mai sha'awar irin waɗannan bayanan ba ne, kuma ina son aboki ko dangina, idan sun tabbatar na mutu, su rufe shafina nan take," in ji Shain. Hakan zai kawar da “cin zarafi ko amfani da shafi ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba”, saboda babu daɗi ka ga an wallafa wani saƙo daga shafin wani mutum da ka san cewa ya mutu, in ji ta.
	How is inheritance on social networks legally regulated? <> Ta yaya doka ke lura da gadon shafukan sada zumunta?
	The number of Facebook users who have passed away could reach 4,9 billion in the world by 2100, according to a 2019 Oxford University study, reports the British The Guardian. Despite the fact that the number of such orders is growing, this phenomenon is not precisely regulated by law. "Transferring accounts on social networks is considered intangible heritage and is therefore in a gray area. "Whereas, for example, a business website or a collection you've bought through the iTunes app can be left to someone in a will," said James Norris, president of the UK Digital Heritage Association, on the show BBC Minute. Even the laws in Serbia do not recognize this type of digital heritage, because new phenomena are traditionally slowly introduced into the legal order, says lawyer Duško Majkić for the BBC in Serbian. "An account on social networks is not considered intellectual property or an author's work, but it can be something that you have shared there - a thought, a text or a photo," explains this lawyer from the law office Živko Mijatović and partners. However, he does not see an obstacle that, in addition to movable and immovable property, the heirs also receive Facebook or Instagram accounts through the will. "When drawing up a will, the principle of 'imperative will' is used, which means that you can do whatever you want with your rights and property, if it is not expressly forbidden by the norms," explains Majkić. By using other people's accounts on social networks, such as those whose owners are no longer alive, you will not commit a criminal offense according to current laws, points out a lawyer specializing in intellectual property issues. "However, this can lead to abuses that are criminal acts: posts from those profiles could commit fraud, cause general danger or panic," concludes Majkić.	Wani bincike da jami'ar Oxford ta gudanar a shekarar 2019, ya yi hasashen cewa zuwa shekarar 2100 masu amfani da shafin Facebook da suka mutu zai kai biliyan 4.9. Duk da cewa wannan adadin ka iya ƙaruwa, saboda ba doka ce ta tanadi a sanar da shafukan mutuwar masu amfani da shafin ba. "An ɗaukar shafukan sada zumunta a matsayin wani abu na gado da ba a iya gani, don haka ba kowa ne iya yi ba.'' Dokokin Sabiya ba su amince da irin wannan gado na shafukan sada zumunta ba, saboda sannu a hankali ake shigar da abubuwan gargajiya cikin dokokin ƙasar, in ji Duško Majkić, wani lauya a BBC Sabiya. "Ba a ɗaukar shafin sada zumunta a matsayin wani abu da ke da haƙƙin mallaka ko aikin wani marubuci , amma yana iya zama wani abu da za a iya aikawa, irin su wani ra'ayi ko rubutu ko kuma hoto," in ji wani lauya a ofishin lauyoyi na Živko Mijatović da Abokan Hulɗa. To amma ya ce, bai ga wata matsala da hakan ba, baya ga kadarorin da za a iya motsawa da waɗanda ba a iya motsa su, magada kan iya gadar shafukan Facebook ko Instagram ta hanyar wasiyya. Majkić ya ce "Lokacin rubuta wasiyya, ana amfani da wata ƙa'ida wadda ke nufin cewa za ku iya yin duk abin da kuke so da haƙƙoƙinku da dukiyoyinku, matukar al'adarku ba ta hana ku yin hakan ba''. Ta hanyar amfani da shafukan wasu, kamar shafukan waɗanda suka mutu, ba za a ɗora alhakin ainihin masu shafukan kan aikata wani baban laifi ba kamar yadda dokoki suka nuna, in ji wani lauya da ya ƙware kan batutuwan haƙƙin mallaka. "To sai dai haka, zai iya haifar da cin zarafi da aikata miyagun laifuka: wallafa saƙonni daga waɗannan shafuka zai iya zama zamba, da haifar da haɗari ko firgita," in ji Majkic.
	Abuse of deceased accounts <> Amfani da shafin mamaci ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba
	Due to the active profiles of users who have died, problems can arise if data, photos and other content fall into the hands of those who want to abuse them. This can be done by downloading data, photos and videos without controlling the profile, but also by using the entire account, says Saša Živanović for the BBC in Serbian. "Mostly, they are looking for not too close friends of the deceased who may not have known about his death, so they ask them to pay them money under the pretext that they have lost documents or that they are in a difficult situation," explains the former head of the High-Tech Crime Department of the Ministry of Interior of Serbia . This type of fraud is a common form of abuse of social networks in Serbia, the BBC in Serbian has already written about to that topic, and fake profiles can also be used for phishing, a cyber attack carried out by sending messages and links over the Internet. However, many forms of abuse are rarer and more difficult to implement with the orders of the deceased, because the close circle of friends knows that this person does not exist and will not easily fall for fraud, concludes Živanović. Katarina Milošević is not afraid of abuse, but she also does not want to leave her mother's account active. "I believe that I will soon be ready to shut it down completely or turn it into a memorial account. "There are many beautiful things there that I would like to remember and that would make me smile sweetly," concludes this girl.	Saboda bayanan masu amfani da shafukan waɗanda suka mutu, akan samu matsalar amfani da bayanai kamar hotuna da sauran abubuwan mai asalin shafin ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba. Ana iya yin hakan ta hanyar sauke bayanai, hotuna da bidiyo saboda babu wanda ke kula da shafin, in ji Saša Živanović. “Yawanci suna neman wasu makusantan marigayin, wadanda watakila ba su san mutuwarsa ba, inda suke tambayar su kuɗi bisa hujjar cewa wata hasara ta sme su, ko kuma sun tsinci kansu a cikin tsaka mai wuya. " in ji tsohon shugaban sashen manyan laifukan da suka shafi fasaha a ma'aikatar cikin gida ta Sabiya . Irin wannan nau'i na zamba ya zama ruwan dare a shafukan sada zumunta a Sabiya. Duk da cewa, yawancin nau'o'in cin zarafi ba su da yawa kuma suna da wahala a aiwatar da umarnin marigayan, saboda rukunin abokansa sun san cewa wannan mutumin ba ya raye kuma ba za su faɗa hannun mazambata cikin sauki ba, in ji Živanović. Katarina Milošević ba ta fargabar cin zarafi, amma ba ta so ta bar shafin mahaifiyarta ya ci gaba da aiki. "Na yi imanin nan ba da jimawa ba zan rufe shi gaba ɗaya, ko na mayar da shi shafin tunawa d mamaci''. “Akwai kyawawan abubuwa da yawa a shafin da zan so in tuna kuma za su saka ni farin ciki da jin daɗi,” in ji matashiyar.