Passages
- Masu bincike sun bayyana cin karo da allurar rigakafi mafi alfanu da aka taɓa gani, ta kare jarirai da yara ƙanana daga kamuwa da zazzaɓin cizon sauro, ko maleriya.
Researchers have announced the discovery of the most effective vaccination ever seen for protecting infants and young children from malaria. - A wani rahoton da aka wallafa cikin wannan makon a mujallar kiwon lafiya ta “The New England Journal of Medicine”, masu binciken sun bayyana sakamakon wasu gwaje-gwaje guda biyu da aka gudanar a ƙasashen Kenya da Tanzaniya, na wannan allurar rigakafin zazzaɓin cizon sauro mai suna “RTS,S/AS”.
In a report that was published this week in the New England Journal of Medicine, researchers revealed the results of two tests of this malaria vaccine known as RTS,S/AS that were conducted in Kenya and Tanzania. - Masu binciken sun gano cewa wannan allurar rigakafi, wadda ita ce ta fi kaifi ya zuwa yanzu daga cikin waɗanda aka taɓa gwadawa, ta hana cutar kama fiye da rabin jarirai da yaran da aka yi gwajinta kansu. Cutar maleriya tana kashe mutane miliyan ɗaya kowace shekara, akasarinsu yara ƙanana.
Researchers have found that this vaccine, which is the most effective of any that has been tested to date, has prevented the disease in more than half of the infants and children who were part of the test. Malaria kills a million people each year, and the majority of them are young children. - Christian Loucq shi ne darektan wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta da ke samar da kuɗaɗe don ayyukan binciken rigakafin zazzaɓin cizon sauro da ake kira “PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative”. Loucq ya ce ko da yake allurar ba wai tana aiki ɗari bisa ɗari ba ne, samunta mataki ne da ya dace, yana mai cewa, “...sakamakon gwaje-gwajen da aka bayyana...ya nuna cewa mun dauki muhimmin matakin da ya matsa da mu zuwa ga ranar da cutar maleriya za ta shiga sahun cututtuka irinsu agana da shan inna waɗanda ko dai an kawar da su daga doron ƙasa, ko kuma ana rigakafinsu sosai.”
Christian Loucq is the director of a non-profit organization called the PATH Malaria Vaccine Program that provides funding for the research of malaria vaccines. Loucq said that even though the vaccine is not 100 percent effective, its discovery is an important step. He said, “The test results that have been released…have shown that we have made an important step toward the day when malaria will follow in the footsteps of diseases like smallpox and polio, which have been either eradicated or can be vaccinated against.” - A gwajin da aka yi a ƙasar Tanzaniya, masu bincike sun ba da wannan maganin rigakafi ga jarirai ɗari uku da arba’in. Suka ce a cikin watanni shida da aka yi ana wannan gwajin, kashi sittin da biyar daga cikin ɗari na jariran ba su kamu da cutar maleriya ba.
In the test that was conducted in Tanzania, researchers gave this vaccination to 340 infants. They report that during the six months of the test, 65 percent of the infants were protected against malaria. - A kasar Kenya, inda aka yi gwajin kan yara masu watanni biyar zuwa watanni goma sha bakwai da haihuwa, wannan maganin rigakafi mai suna “RTS,S/AS” ya kare kashi hamsin da uku daga cikinsu a watanni takwas da aka yi ana wannan gwajin.
In Kenya, where children aged five months to seventeen months were part of the test, the RTA,S/AS vaccination protected 53 percent of them during the eight months of the test. - Ripley Ballou, jami’i ne a Gidauniyar Bill da Melinda Gates, wadda take ƙoƙarin inganta kiwon lafiya da raya ƙasa da bunƙasa ilmi a duniya. Ballou ya ce, “Gidauniyar (ta Bill da Melinda Gates) tana ɗaukin wannan aiki ainun a saboda na ceton rayuka ne. Kuma ya kamata mu fahimci cewa rayukan na jarirai da ƙananan yara ne waɗanda suka fi fuskantar hatsarin mutuwa daga cutar maleriya. Wannan allurar rigakafi ta fi yin kaifi a daidai lokacin da waɗannan jarirai da yara suka fi fuskantar kasada ta mutuwa daga cutar maleriya.”
Ripley Ballou, who works for the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation that supports health, development, and education worldwide, said, “The foundation is very excited about this project because it's about saving lives. In addition, we should recognize that it is the infants and young children who are at the greatest risk of dying from malaria, and it is exactly those populations that the vaccine is targeting. It is in those age groups that the children are at the highest risk of dying from malaria and for which this vaccine is the most effective." - A yanzu dai, masana masu binciken su na zaɓen jarirai da yara ƙanana su dubu 16 domin fara gwaje-gwajen ƙarshe na wannan sabuwar allurar rigakafin zazzaɓin cizon sauro a shekara mai zuwa. Idan har komai ya tafi daidai, ana sa ran za su nemi iznin hukuma domin fara yin amfani da allurar rigakafin a shekarar 2011.
Currently, researchers are recruiting 16,000 infants and young children in order to begin the final clinical trials of this new malaria vaccination next year. If everything goes well, it is hoped that they will be able to seek regulatory approval to begin using the vaccination in 2011.
1/5 Matching
- In this activity, you will read a short introduction to the subject matter of the lesson.
A wannan aiki za a karanta wani ɗan bayani game da zai gabatar da jigon wannan ɗarasi. - Read the text at the top of the page and then match each word or term with the appropriate definition.
A wannan aiki za a karanta wani ɗan bayani game da zai gabatar da jigon wannan ɗarasi. - If you are not sure of the definition, try to guess using the context within the text.
A karanta bayanin, kuma a haɗa kowace kalma da fasararta. Idan ba a san wata kalma ba, a cinta ma'ana daga muhallinta a cikin jimla.
zazzaɓin cizon sauro:
Cuta ce wadda aka fi sani da sunan maleriya.
Correct.
The following definition is the best match for the term zazzaɓin cizon sauro:
Cuta ce wadda aka fi sani da sunan maleriya. (It is a disease that is better known by the name malaria.)
- zazzaɓi -- fever, any sickness involving fever
- sauro -- mosquito (also pronounced sabro)
allurar rigakafi:
Maganin da ke hana wata cuta ta kama a jikin ɗan Adam.
Correct.
The following definition is the best match for the term allurar rigakafi:
Maganin da ke hana wata cuta ta kama a jikin ɗan Adam. (A medicine that prevents a disease from taking hold in the human body.)
- allura -- injection, needle
- rigakafi -- protection, any preventative measure
jarirai:
Yara da ba su kai shekara ɗaya da haifuwa.
Correct.
The following definition is the best match for the word jarirai:
Yara da ba su kai shekara ɗaya da haifuwa. (Chlidren who have not reached one year of age.)
Jarirai is the plural of jariri.
masu bincike:
Likitoci da ke neman sabobbin magunguna.
Correct.
The following definition is the best match for the term masu bincike:
Likitoci da ke neman sabbobin magunguna. (Doctors who are looking for new medicines.)
- bincike -- research, investigation
2/5 True/False
Read the opening portion of the article and then read the statements below. Choose whether each statement is True or False according to what is stated in the article.
- Read the Teacher's Note for additional information on the program that is being discussed in this article.
A karanta yankin farko na rahoton kuma a karanta jimlolin da ke ƙasa. A zaɓi Gaskiya ko Ba Gaskiya Ba bayan an yi la'akari da abin da aka bayyana cikin wannan yanki na rahoto.
- A karanta Bayanin Malami domin samun ƙarin bayani a kan shirin da ake bayyana cikin wannan rahoto.
- True: Researchers have published trial results of the most promising malaria vaccine ever made. Your choice is correct. This statement is true. The report begins as follows: Masu bincike sun bayyana cin karo da allurar rigakafi mafi alfanu da aka taɓa gani ... (Researchers have announced the discovery of the most effective vaccination ever seen...)
- cin karo -- to run into, to collide with
- Note that this is used to mean to discover in this context.
- mafi -- the most
- This word is a compounded form of mai and fi (to exceed).
- alfanu -- value, importance The same point is reiterated in the following segment: Masu binciken sun gano cewa wannan allurar rigakafi, wadda ita ce ta fi kaifi ya zuwa yanzu daga cikin waɗanda aka taɓa gwadawa ... (Researchers have found that this vaccine, which is the most effective of any that has been tested to date...)
- kaifi -- sharpness
- Mai kaifi is used to express effective. This is a very typical way of expressing an abstract concept in Hausa. Rather than abstract terminology, Hausa tends to involve the use of very tangible concepts to express abstract ideas.
- ya zuwa yanzu -- up until now
- cin karo -- to run into, to collide with
- False: The new vaccine was produced by a company based in Kenya and Tanzania. Your choice is correct. This statement is false. This information is found in the following section of the text: ... masu binciken sun bayyana sakamakon wasu gwaje-gwaje guda biyu da aka gudanar a ƙasashen Kenya da Tanzaniya ... (...researchers revealed the results of two tests of this malaria vaccine ... that were conducted in Kenya and Tanzania.)
- sakamako -- result, results
- gudanar da -- to conduct
- In this case, the author used the shortened form that is often used with Grade 5 verbs. Rather than writing gudanar da su, he simply writes gudanar. The word gwada means to try or test. This word, which is used to refer to trying food or trying on clothes, is also the correct term to use in reference to drug trials. In the course of this article, you will see a number of words that are based on this root. In this segment, we see gwaje-gwaje (plural of gwaji) used to mean trial.
- True: The malaria vaccine is designed to be administered to infants and young children. Your choice is correct. This statement is true. The article states the following: ... allurar rigakafi mafi alfanu da aka taɓa gani, ta kare jarirai da yara ƙanana daga kamuwa da zazzaɓin cizon sauro, ko maleriya. (...the most effective vaccination ever seen for protecting infants and young children from malaria.)
- kamuwa -- catching, becoming infected by
- kare -- to protect
- Note that this word has a high-low tonal pattern and should not be confused with kare with a low-tonal pattern, which means dog. Note how ko (or) is used to introduce a synonymous term.
- False: Nearly half of all malaria deaths are young children. Your choice is correct. This statement is false. What the article says here is that the majority of malaria deaths occur in young children. See the following sentence from the article: Cutar maleriya tana kashe mutane miliyan ɗaya kowace shekara, akasarinsu yara ƙanana. (Malaria kills a million people each year, and the majority of them are young children.)
- akasari -- majority
3/5 Select all the sentences that are correct based on what is said in the article
Read the full article and then read the sentences below. Select all the sentences that are correct based on what is said in the article.
- Read the Teacher's Note for additional information on the type of Hausa that is used in scientific and technical discourse.
A karanta duka rahoton kuma a karanata jimloli da ke ƙasa. A zaɓi kowace jimla da ke da gaskiya bayan an yi la'akari da abin da aka bayyana cikin rahoton.
- A karanta Bayanin Malami domin samun ƙarin bayani a kan Hausar da ake yin amfani da ita in za a yi zancen fannonin kimiyya.
| 1 | An yi wannan allurar rigakafi domin kare yara daga malariya, irin RTS,S/AS. | Reason |
| This statement does not apply.
The statement says, "This vaccination was made to protect children from the RTS,S/AS type of malaria." This is not correct because RTS,S/AS is the name of the vaccine, not the strain of malaria. This information is found in the following segment from the article: ... gwaje-gwaje guda biyu da aka gudanar a ƙasashen Kenya da Tanzaniya, na wannan allurar rigakafin zazzaɓin cizon sauro mai suna “RTS,S/AS. (... two tests of this malaria vaccine known as RTS,S/AS that were conducted in Kenya and Tanzania.) The construct mai suna (named) directly follows zazzaɓin cizon sauro and thus could easily be confused as referring to malaria. However, mai suna refers to the full term allurar rigakafin zazzaɓin cizon sauro (the malaria vaccine). The verb gudanar in this sentence is a shortened version of gudanar da (to conduct). It is not unusual to shorten a Grade 5 verb in this manner. The full form would have read as follows: da aka gudanar da su a ƙasashen. Note that this should not be confused with the related verb gudana, which means to flow. Notice how the medicine is referred to as allurar rigakafi even when the author is talking about the chemical compound. Any medicine that is administered through injection is referred to this way. | ||
| 2 | Wannan allurar rigakafi ta kare akasarin yaran da aka yi wa gwaji. | Reason |
| This statement applies.
The statement says, "This vaccination protected the majority of the children that were tested." This information is found in the following segment from the article: ...ta hana cutar kama fiye da rabin jarirai da yaran da aka yi gwajinta kansu. (...has prevented the disease in more than half of the infants and children who were part of the test.) The verb kama, which means to grab or catch, is used to refer to a disease infecting a person. The verb phrase ta hana cutar kama (it protected the disease from catching) is a quick way of saying prevented infection.
Note that the vaccination is referred to in the feminine form. This is because it is referred to as allurar rigakafi and thus takes the gender of allura. The word rigakafi acts adjectivally, as it describes allura. | ||
| 3 | Christian Loucq shi ne ɗaya daga masu binciken wannan allurar rigakafi. | Reason |
| This statement does not apply.
The statement says, "Christian Loucq is one of the researchers for this vaccination." In fact, Christian Loucq is not referred to as a researcher in the article. Rather, he is referred to as the director of a funding organization that is funding research. Christian Loucq shi ne darektan wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta da ke samar da kuɗaɗe don ayyukan binciken rigakafin zazzaɓin cizon sauro da ake kira PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative. (Christian Loucq is the director of a non-profit organization called the PATH Malaria Vaccine Program that provides funding for the research of malaria vaccines.)
The phrase da ake kira (which is called) is synonymous with mai suna, which is used elsewhere in the article. | ||
| 4 | A Tanzaniya an gwada allurar rigakafin a kan yara 340. | Reason |
| This statement applies.
The statement says, "The vaccination was tested on 340 children in Tanzania." This information is found in the following segment from the article: A gwajin da aka yi a ƙasar Tanzaniya, masu bincike sun ba da wannan maganin rigakafi ga jarirai ɗari uku da arba’in. (In the test, which was conducted in Tanzania, researchers gave this vaccination to 340 infants.) Note that ga is the preposition that is used to introduce an indirect object of ba da. The vaccination is referred to here as maganin rigakafi. In fact, this is the general term for vaccination or immunization. It simply means protective medicine. However, since traditionally a large number of vaccinations have been injections, the term allurar rigakafi is used to refer to any vaccination that is given as an injection. The tricky part of this is that with vaccinations that are given as injections, the medicine itself, not just the injection, is referred to as allurar rigakafi. This is what we see in this article. | ||
| 5 | Ripley Ballou ya bada ra'ayin Gidauniyar Bill da Melinda Gates game da allurar rigakafin. | Reason |
| This statement applies.
The statement says, "Ripley Ballou provided the opinion of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation in regard to the vaccination." After introducing Ripley Ballou as an official (jami'i) with the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (gidauniya), the author introduces the following quote from Ballou: Ballou ya ce, “Gidauniyar (ta Bill da Melinda Gates) tana ɗaukin wannan aiki ainun a saboda na ceton rayuka ne. (Ballou said, “The foundation is very excited about this project because it's about saving lives.)
| ||
| 6 | Yanzu za a yi gwaje-gwaje na ƙarshe na wannnan rigakafi. | Reason |
| This statement applies.
The statement says, "Now the final trials for this vaccination will be conducted." This information is found in the following segment from the article: A yanzu dai, masana masu binciken su na zaɓen jarirai da yara ƙanana su dubu 16 domin fara gwaje-gwajen ƙarshe na wannan sabuwar allurar rigakafin zazzaɓin cizon sauro a shekara mai zuwa. (Currently, the researchers are recruiting 16,000 infants and young children in order to begin the final clinical trials of this new malaria vaccination next year.) In this segment, the researchers are referred to as masana masu bincike, meaning research experts. The word masana is a compound word that combines mai and sani (to know). In other words, masana simply means people who know, or people who's occupation is to know. The verb zaɓe (to choose) is used to mean to recruit in this article. | ||
4/5
- Read the full article thoroughly and write your answers to the questions in the spaces provided. This activity has three pages, with two questions on each page.
A karanta duka rahoton kuma a rubuta amsoshin tambayoyi a wurin da aka bada. Wannan aiki na da shafi uku, kowannesu da tambaya biyu.
Q1
How does Christian Loucq view the fact that the performance of the vaccination was not perfect? Hint: The term ɗari bisa ɗari (100 over 100) means 100 percent.
Suggested Answer: It is not perfect, but it is an important step.
This information is found in the following segment from the article:
Loucq ya ce ko da yake allurar ba wai tana aiki ɗari bisa ɗari ba ne, samunta mataki ne da ya dace, yana mai cewa, “...sakamakon gwaje-gwajen da aka bayyana...ya nuna cewa mun ɗauki muhimmin mataki... (Loucq said that "even though the vaccine is not 100 percent effective, its discovery is an important step.)
- ɗari bisa ɗari -- 100 percent
- This expression provides the visual image of a fraction of 100 over 100, which is 100 percent.
The term ba wai highlights the very useful word wai. Wai means it is said or they are saying, and it is often used to introduce a quote or something that someone is saying. The negation of this (ba wai) is often used as it is here to mean it is not being said or it's not like I'm saying...
The construct yana mai cewa (he is the one who is saying) is a somewhat unusual way of saying he said. It is used increasingly in modern Hausa, but the main users of this term are reporters. It is something of a stylized reporter term.
- muhimmin mataki -- an important step
Q2
What does Christian Loucq see as the ultimate goal of this process? Hint: Kawar da means to eradicate.
Suggested Answer: Either eradication of malaria or a highly effective vaccination.
This information is found in the following segment from the article:
[Sakamakon gwaje-gwaje] ya nuna cewa mun ɗauki muhimmin matakin da ya matsa da mu zuwa ga ranar da cutar maleriya za ta shiga sahun cututtuka irinsu agana da shan inna waɗanda ko dai an kawar da su daga doron ƙasa, ko kuma ana rigakafinsu sosai. ([The test results] have shown that we have made an important step toward the day when malaria will follow in the footsteps of diseases like smallpox and polio, which have either been eradicated or can be vaccinated against.)
- ya matsa da mu -- it pushed us
- shiga sahun -- to follow in the footsteps of, to go the way of
- sahu -- a line, a row (specifically a row a people praying)
- agana -- smallpox
- shan Inna -- polio
- This name for polio is actually a reference to spirit (aljani) named Inna, who is traditionally attributed with causing the paralysis that comes with polio.
- kawar da -- to eradicate
- This verb means to remove something to another place or to move something out of the way. It also has taken on the meaning to eradicate in medical and military senses.
- doron kasa -- the face of the earth
- This term utilizes the word doro, which means rounded shoulders, a hump, or by extension, any convexity to describe the curved surface of the earth.
Note how rigakafi is used as a verb here. Technically, this should say ana yin rigakafinsu, but it is very common to eliminate the verb yi, thus leaving a noun to act essentially as a verb.
Q3
What age group was tested in Kenya? Hint: watanni ... da haifuwa -- ... months old
Suggested Answer: Five to seventeen months of age.
This information is found in the following segment from the article:
A kasar Kenya, inda aka yi gwajin kan yara masu watanni biyar zuwa watanni goma sha bakwai da haihuwa... (In Kenya, where children aged five months to seventeen months were part of the test...)
The general word yara (children) includes infants. Jarirai is used to refer more specifically to infants.
Note that kan is the preposition that is used with yi gwaji.
Watanni is the plural of wata.
Q4
How did the two tests differ in terms of success rates? Kashi means portion, but in this context, it means percent.
Suggested Answer: The test in Tanzania had a 65 percent success rate while the Kenya test had a 53 percent success rate.
This information is found in the following segments from the article:
Regarding the Tanzanian test group:
Suka ce a cikin watanni shida da aka yi ana wannan gwajin, kashi sittin da biyar daga cikin ɗari na jariran ba su kamu da cutar maleriya ba. (They report that during the six months of the test, 65 percent of the infants were protected against malaria.)
Regarding the Kenyan test group:
A ƙasar Kenya...ya kare kashi hamsin da uku daga cikinsu a watanni takwas da aka yi ana wannan gwajin. (In Kenya...the RTA,S/AS vaccination protected 53 percent of them during the eight months of the test.)
- kashi...daga cikin ɗari -- ...percent
- Note that daga cikin ɗari is left off in the second segment. The author simply says kashi, leaving the rest to implication.
Note that the first segment is somewhat confusing in that the author says that 65 percent ba su kamu da cutar..., which would on the surface mean that 65 percent did not catch the disease. What is actually meant is that the vaccination resulted in 65 percent fewer children catching the disease. This lack of a precise description is quite common in scientific reports. Hausa lacks the precision of languages with a more developed scientific lexicon.
Q5
How does the article describe the mission of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation? Hint: The word gidauniya has a number of definitions, but in this context, it is used to mean foundation or charitable foundation.
Suggested Answer: Supporting health, development, and educational development in the world.
This information is found in the following segment from the article:
Ripley Ballou, jami’i ne a Gidauniyar Bill da Melinda Gates, wadda take ƙoƙarin inganta kiwon lafiya da raya ƙasa da bunƙasa ilimi a duniya. (Ripley Ballou works for the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which works to support health, development, and education worldwide.)
- jami'i -- official, senior level employee
- This is a very general word; it is almost a catch-all that can refer to a whole range of titles.
- This word is not to be confused with jam'i (plural), jami'a (university), jam'iyya (political party), jama'a (community), or jima'i (sexual intercourse).
- gidauniya -- charitable foundation
- The term actually refers to a large metal basin or a calabash bowl for the husband's share of the fura. It is only in modern Hausa, and especially in the international Hausa press, that it has come to be a generic term meaning charitable foundation.
- inganta -- to support, to maintain, to keep in good condition
- raya ƙasa -- development
- raya -- to cause something or someone to rise up
- bunƙasa -- growth, expansion, development
Q6
What does Ripley Ballou think is important to emphasize about the vaccination? Hint: The verb fahimta (or fahinta) means to understand.
Suggested Answer: The vaccination targets the age group that is at the greatest risk.
Ballou begins by reminding us that infants and young children are the group at the greatest risk for malaria.
Kuma ya kamata mu fahimci cewa rayukan na jarirai da ƙananan yara ne waɗanda suka fi fuskantar hatsarin mutuwa daga cutar maleriya. (In addition, we should recognize that it is infants and young children who are at the most risk of dying from malaria, and it is exactly those populations that the vaccine is targeting.)
He then goes on to make his point as follows:
Wannan allurar rigakafi ta fi yin kaifi a daidai lokacin da wadannan jarirai da yara suka fi fuskantar kasada ta mutuwa daga cutar maleriya. (It is in those age groups that the children are at the highest risk of dying from malaria and in which the vaccine is the most effective.)
- fahimci -- to understand
- This is a form of the Grade 2 verb fahimta (or fahinta)
- fi yin kaifi -- to be most effective
- fuskanta -- to face
- This is simply a verb formed from the noun fuska (face)
Note that the author uses two synonymous terms for being at risk of death. Hatsarin mutuwa mean danger of death while kasada ta mutuwa means risk of death.
Quiz
- An yi wannan allurar rigakafi domin kare yara daga malariya, irin RTS,S/AS.
- Wannan allurar rigakafi ta kare akasarin yaran da aka yi wa gwaji.
- Christian Loucq shi ne ɗaya daga masu binciken wannan allurar rigakafi.
- A Tanzaniya an gwada allurar rigakafin a kan yara 340.
- Ripley Ballou ya bada ra'ayin Gidauniyar Bill da Melinda Gates game da allurar rigakafin.
- Yanzu za a yi gwaje-gwaje na ƙarshe na wannnan rigakafi.
Links and resources
- Source: https://gloss.dliflc.edu/LessonViewer.aspx?lessonId=22664&lessonName=hua_sci303&linkTypeId=0
- Certificate: https://gloss.dliflc.edu/GlossHtml/Certificate_Gloss.html?clickToPrint=true&cert_userName=Mahmud%20Fagge&cert_issue_date=Issued%20on%206/29/2021&cert_xlTitle=A%20Vaccine&cert_flTitle=Allurar%20Rigakafi&cert_hours=Total%3A%202%20hours&cert_lang=Hausa&cert_mod=Reading&cert_level=2
- Course Info:
- Skill Modality: Reading,
- Level: 2,
- Topic: Science,
- Sub-Topic: Health and Medicine,
- Estimated Completion Time: 2 hours,
- Language Feature: Health and science terminology,
- Objective(s): Increase your knowledge of health related terminology to enhance your understanding of a report about a struggle to create a vaccine.
- Competence: Lexical,
- Copyright Info: VOANews.com 12/18/2008 Ibrahim Alfa Ahmed and Jessica Berman
- Developer(s): Nathan Sundt